Bull's Eye Business Writing Tips

Tip #422:  Affect vs. Effect:

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Tip #422:  Affect vs. Effect:  Since I have had inquiries about how to use these words, I will go over the uses again.

Affect: 

is normally used as a verb meaning “to influence, change, assume.”  In psychology, affect is used as a noun meaning “feeling, emotion”, and the related adjective “affective“ that means ”emotional,”

Effect: 

can be either a verb meaning “to bring about” or a noun meaning “result, impression.”


Weekly Exercise:

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This week’s quiz:

Laurie asked these questions about “affect” and “effect.”  Please answer her:  Hi Gloria:  Thank you very much for the assistance.  Here are the sentences which require improvement.  Please let me know if any sentence could be either affect or effect.  As well, please note the reason why I would use affect or effect in each case.

  1. "Drugs and Alcohol and its negative affect on student success".  I think this is right using affect as a verb?

  2.  ...the physical conditions that are associated with the side affects are degrading to the body.  Right or wrong and why please.

  3.   The main side affect is brain damage to the student.

  4. Every drug or alcohol that is digested into the body has negative effects on the brain and organs.

  5. Aside from the physical effects which drugs have on the body there are severe psychological effects, such as restlessness and paranoia.

  6. The worst psychological effects of drugs can be dependency.

  7. Research proves that there are negative psychological affects of alcohol.

  8. The psychological and physiological affects of drugs leave students with little energy to prepare for studies.


Comments from our readers:

Interesting comments about “went missing”: 


Gloria Herta commented:

I found the discussion on "went missing" fascinating.  That term is used regularly on TV programs like "Without a Trace", "Numbers", CSI programs and Law & Order programs.  I think it's one of those generally accepted (and recognized) expressions that mysteriously gets into our jargon and kind of "stick" because people readily understand what is meant when the expression is used in this context.  I don't see the relevancy to use this expression in any other context than to refer to the fact that a person cannot be found.  Applying this expression to an inanimate object just doesn't seem to fit.  But somehow it does fit when applied to people.


Stephanie Dornbrook commented:

"Went missing" is a colloquialism, at best.  Why not just say, "It is missing."  "So and so is missing.  Her absence was discovered yesterday at noon."  Something "being discovered missing" doesn't make sense to me.  One discovers the absence.  If something is discover, it implies that it isn't missing anymore.  If it is missing, how can one discover it?  One discovers the absence or lack of the something.


Arthur commented: 

"went missing" has got to be right up there on the current irritation list of terms that today's media are intent on torturing us with in an effort to be cute and folksy. It's origins are undoubtedly from British novels written by British authors for mostly British consumption which, in that setting is apt and fine.  For most of us who frown on these fad affectations, it is a cause to grind our teeth--much like the mispronunciation of "nuclear", and "vulnerable".


Pat Graef,librarian, commented: 

Regarding "went missing" - I have noticed this usage over the years, primarily as part of the Brits' vernacular:  It is very commonly used there from my perspective, and has been part of their common language for at least 10 years. It seems to have migrated "across the pond" over the past few years. I have tried to develop an alternative to its succinct meaning, and have not been successful - therefore I have reluctantly accepted it as a useful expression, albeit one still awkward in its infancy in our language. (I have so far accepted it in hearing it used, but not yet in my using it in my own speech or writing.) It does seem to have entered into the Great American Vernacular Vocabulary almost hand in hand (in time) with an usage of the word "with" that I first heard out of the mouths of people in and from the Chicago area:  "Do you want to come with?".  I was always under the impression that "with" in such instances required an object, e.g. - "Do you want to come with me?"  - and it still jumps out at me as technically incorrect, but defying my logic as to why it  should not be used this way. I'd appreciate comments on this one.


Quote of the week:

“According to a recent survey, 28% of Canadian workers often miss key information in written communications, and 63% miss key information once in a while.  When asked to identify the costs of poorly written communications, 85% said ‘wasted time,’ 70% said ‘lost productivity,’ and 63% said ‘errors.’” (source/Communicare)


My answer to this week's exercise:

  1. "Drugs and Alcohol and its negative effect on student success".   (the meaning should be “result” on student success –noun)
  2. the physical conditions that are associated with the side effects are degrading to the body.   (same as #1)
  3. The main side effect is brain damage to the student. (same as #1)
  4. Every drug or alcohol that is digested into the body has negative effects on the brain and organs.
  5. Aside from the physical effects which drugs have on the body there are severe psychological affects, such as restlessness and paranoia. (the meaning here is “psychological emotions.”)
  6. The worst psychological effects of drugs can be dependency.
  7. Research proves that there are negative psychological effects of alcohol. (results)
  8. The psychological and physiological effects of drugs leave students with little energy to prepare for studies. (results)

To send the above exercise answers to Gloria for her comments and review,  copy the questions,  paste  them into an email, answer them,  and send to Marsha@basic-learning.com.


 

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Here are some books on business writing that I recommend.

Bull's Eye Business Writing is also available from Amazon.com.
Eats, Shoots & Leaves: The Zero Tolerance Approach to Punctuation, author, Lynne Truss The Everything Resume Book by Steven Graber
On Writing Well: The Classic Guide to Writing Nonfiction , by William Knowlton Zinsser  The Gregg Reference Manual, by William A. Sabin 
The Elements of Style, by William Strunk, White, E. B. White  How to Take the Fog Out of Business Writing, by Robert Gunning, Richard A. Kallan (Contributor) 

More books on business writing and other business subjects  (available from Amazon.com). 


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